![]() “They had swum to the other end and back.” “The team had striven to come back from behind.” “The team strove to come back from behind.” “We had stridden along merrily the entire way.” “We strode along merrily the entire way.” “My friend had drunk three beers already.” Many of them are presented below in sample sentences with simple-past usage for comparison: Others, however, often literally give writers pause. ![]() Some past-participle forms are easily distinguished from their simple-past counterparts, as in the case of ate/eaten, for example, or saw/seen (“I ate already”/“I had eaten already” “We saw the movie”/“We had seen the movie”). But complications set in when the past participle - a verb assisted by an auxiliary verb, or a past-tense form of the verb to be - is employed. The simple past, the tense form that describes what has previously occurred, is fairly straightforward once one assimilates the forms for each irregular verb. Many other verbs, however, undergo more significant alterations to transform from references to present-tense actions to those representing actions performed in the past. In English, many verbs adapt simply to the past tense with the attachment of either -d or -ed, as in walk/walked or brake/braked. 35 Troublesome Irregular Verbs By Mark Nichol
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